Python: Beginner-friendly, widely used for web development, data science, and automation. JavaScript: Essential for web development; widely used for both front-end and back-end (with Node.js). Java: Great for understanding object-oriented programming and commonly used in enterprise environments. HTML/CSS: Essential for front-end web development.

Frameworks provide pre-written code, libraries, and a structured approach to development. They: Speed up development by offering reusable components. Help enforce best practices. Make it easier to maintain and scale applications.

Front-end: Focuses on the user interface and experience. Involves languages like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Back-end: Deals with the server-side, databases, and application logic. Common languages include Python, Ruby, Java, PHP, and frameworks like Node.js.

Full-stack development combines both front-end and back-end development. A full-stack developer has knowledge of both client-side and server-side technologies and can handle the entire application lifecycle, from design to deployment.

APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) are sets of protocols and tools that allow different software applications to communicate with each other. They enable developers to access features or data from other applications, services, or devices, often without having to understand the underlying code.